Classmates' Blog nominations :D

Paulette Arquer :http://www.imagineaheartshapedbox.blogpost.com/ 
 - its an important proposal since it makes up an important part in our society since the elderly in the community have allways been neglected.


Celimar Torres :http://www.howceliknowsit.blogger.com/
- Its important to end up the many deaths do to immigrants crossing and the injustices comited when they help the american community.

Stepanie Ruiz: http://www.tefiruiz01.blogspot.com/
- her blog battles for the rights of the women and how they have struggled to the idea of the man being allways the strong one and the dominant one.

Stephanie Rivera: http://www.ssrivera.blogspot.com/
 - her blog is fighting for the rights of the women in society .

Christian Virella: http://www.christianhistoryblog.blogspot.com/
- the immigrants should achieve living in  USA and have the equal benefits.

Arshad Khalil: http://www.arshad-ah11a.blogspot.com/
- arshads blog is really important since he is part of the population hes researching on is rather important the  opinion of an American Muslim on this particular matter.

Natassia Siurrano: http://www.nkst-nattiz.blogspot.com/
- this blog is about the the catholics and how they are judged by their religion.

Keven Delgado http://www.keven0733.blogspot.com/
 - that

DISABILITIES :) myproposal.

                       the amendments in the united states constitution

1st Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

2nd Amendment

A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

3rd Amendment

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

4th Amendment

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

5th Amendment

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous, crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war, or public danger; nor shall any person be subject, for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

6th Amendment

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law; and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

7th Amendment

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact, tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re- examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.

8th Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.

9th Amendment

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

11th Amendment

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

12th Amendment

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign, and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such a majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for a President, the House of Representative shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, [before the fourth day of March next following] the Vice President shall act as President, as in case of death, or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President, shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then, form the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators; a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

13th Amendment

Sect. 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Sect. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

14th Amendment

Sect. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Sect. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Sect. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Sect. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Sect. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

15th Amendment

Sect. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Sect. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

16th Amendment

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States and without regard to any census or enumeration.

17th Amendment

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointment until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

18th Amendment

Sect. 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. Sect. 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Sect. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years of the date of the submission hereof to the States by Congress.

19th Amendment

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

20th Amendment

Sect. 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

Sect. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every years, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Sect. 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President-elect shall have died, the Vice President-elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President-elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President-elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President-elect nor a Vice President-elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.

Sect. 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

Sect. 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October

following the ratification of this article.

Sect. 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.

21st Amendment

Sect. 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.

Sect. 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

Sect. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

22d Amendment

Sect. 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

Sect. 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.

23rd Amendment

Sect. 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representative in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.

Sect. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

24th Amendment

Sect. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

Sect. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

25th Amendment

Sect. 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.

Sect. 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

Sect. 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speakers of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.

Sect. 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President. Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

26th Amendment

Sect. 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

Sect. 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

27th Amendment

No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. 

•  As shown before there you have the 27 amendments as issued in the United States Constitution, no law under any parameter is issued on the behalve of the civil rights of the handicapped people.
• The only document officialy passed under the Federal Goverment its the LAW ADA its the only official federal documment issued to protect and enforce the rights of the disabled making their lifes easier and more accesible.
• Since these is the actual status of the handicapped rights Im proposing that a new ammendment is made, these should mostly take care of the social interaction of the handicapped persons and their blend into our society.

- 28 amendment:
  under the federal law of the united states, the laws of the handicapped(specifically ADA) should be specified in the constitution as the law of equal opportunities, the handicapped should be treated equal as any man or women would be treated with minor modifications, due to their physcal or mental imparements.

DISABILITIES :) LAW ADA

   law ADA:
P.L. 101-336

Title I
Employment

Law's Effective Date July 26, 1992 for employers with twenty-five (25) or more employees; July 26, 1994 for employers with fifteen (15) or more employees.

Regulations by Federal Agency July 26, 1991 all regulations from Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

Enforcement Jurisdiction Remedies for violations of Title I of the ADA include hiring, reinstatement, promotional, back pay, front pay, restored benefits, reasonable accommodation, attorneys' fees, expert witness fees, and court costs. Compensatory and punitive damages also may be available in cases of intentional discrimination or where an employer fails to make a good faith effort to provide a reasonable accommodation.

    http://www.dol.gov/odep/pubs/misc/summada.htm

      

• This here is one of the first law regarding certain acomodations towards the persons with disabilities. The segment of the Americans with Disabilities Act, establishing ceirtain requirements for employment. And explain their rights involved in job oportunities and benefits.

• These segment of the law during these years has been inforced as the requirement for equal employment opportunities, as a struggle of not only the working class also of the many handicapped person whom have been treated unfairly and not given a job opportunity.

Title II Public Services

(Part II)
Public transportation by intercity Amtrak and commuter rail (including transportation facilities).

Law's Effective Date By July 26, 2000, Amtrak passenger coaches must have same number of accessible seats as would have been available if every car were built accessible; half of such seats must be available by July 26, 1995. Same one-car-per-train rule and new stations rule as above. All existing Amtrak stations must be retrofitted by July 26, 2010; key commuter stations must be retrofitted by July 26,1993 with some extensions allowed up to 20 years.

Regulations by Federal Agency July 26, 1991, all regulations from Secretary of Transportation.

Enforcement Jurisdiction Same as above.

• The public transportation agencies should be able to offer the same service and high quality as gave to the people with no physical imparements.
• In the train services the train should have at least two or three wagons with special accomodations to improve the handicapped transportation.
• The train wagons whom dont the ramp accesibility should provide the seats for the disabled.

  http://www.dol.gov/odep/pubs/misc/summada.htm

These are certain measures taken to benefit the disabled persons, they are many more segments of these law which cover many other aspects of their daily life. But yet so many laws are taken seriously only in several places.While we can easily enjoy many aspects of life we dont think of those whom have disabilities, scince we can block their accessibility to the same basic activities and not even care a little. Schools also have to make certain adaptations to satisfy the handicapped students needs, also during the elementary years parents instead of keeping handicapped kids in separate schools they should encourage them to unite to other normally developed children. This is to benefit the future of the disabled and raise the idea of their needs rather than the injustice we see day to day in our country. These laws are more extent than shown before and the links gave are a brief summary of several segments. The Law ADA is the most extensive law based on handicapped rights these meaning that the law is in constant changements and modifications.

DISABILITIES :) manifestations:)

As shown in thechart in the top the most common type of disability in the United States is based on  different learning problems,most students in their high school are rejected or even fooled when having any learning based problems. Many of those whom have physical imparements are faced with morte barriers, than people with the other types of disabilities.The persons with disabilities have to work with the unfairness the normal people have against them this include the unfairness related to the job opportunities and the ability of enjoying basic life activities. Many public places dont have the space needed for wheelchairs other barriers are the ramps being blocked.Also their parking spaces in public facilities have been taken by people whom have no physical imparement. They are one of the most pacifist group having manifestations all over the world yet they turn not violent. Under im goin to place some pictures of handicapped manifestations.

Its amazing how of one of the most mistreated and humiliated group around the world with so many types of disabilities and so many people being part of it, have a nonviolent manifestation whom can reach to the deepest darkest spot of your souls... :) 

next time your at the mall and dont find a parking spot analyse before jeopardizing their lifes

DISABILITIES :)

The people with disabilities around the world are the most commonly discriminated. This ranges from different types of imparements, their constant struggle to be treated equally has been one of the most influyent yet peacefull movements. The people with disabilities are normal people and need to have the same basic rights as us, but yet this has not been fair. People with disabilities face many barriers some are physical others are just mental imparements. Yet they can do our job as well or even better than us, young people with for example the down sindrome or ADD find something they really enjoy doing they perfection it to the fullest rather than slacking like most normal people. Also the people with physical disabilities face many barries for example the wheel chair ramps are blocked or are non existent. The people with disabilities are also faced with daily battles not only internal but with the world to prove their not less of a person, the people discriminate them because their different but yet they are constantly fighting for the equal treatment. Also one of the most extensive ans abundant laws in the United States its the ADA law for people with any type of physical imparements. These law is constantly changing,and adding new specifications reguarding the rights of the disabled. Hope that these makes you anlyse how you mistreat a person who for you seems "wierd" its a person with an internal and external struggle to reach they goal of being treated equal.

DISABILITIES :) MORE COMMON THAN YOU THINK

A disability is a condition or function judged to be impared meaning that the person has differnt problems that affect the normal body functions. These body functions include: physical impairment, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, intellectual impairment, mental illness, and various types of chronic disease.

These impairments may also affect the body organs causing mayor problems, The disabilities are also is afected by the role of physical and social environmental factors.

        

    Types of disabilities include various physical and mental impairments that can jeopardize or reduce a person's ability to carry out the daily activities. These impairmentsare also defined as the dissability of a person to realize the activities. Some of these disabilities are broken into sub groups some of them are :

                       Mobility and Physical Impairments

•    these include disabilities in the upper and lower limb disabilities,disabilities with the cordination of organs of the body disability in mobility that can be born withor adquired with age or also adquired by a diesease.

                             Spinal Cord Disability:

• spinal cord injuries  (SCI) can sometimes lead to lifelong disabilities. This kind of injury mostly occurs due to severe accidents.the injury can be incomplete or complete, in some cases spinal cord disability can be a birth defect.           

                                            Brain Disability                                                                   

•    A disability in the brain occurs due to a brain injury these can range from mild, moderate and severe. There are two types of brain injuries are:  Acquired Brain Injury& Traumatic Brain Injury                                                                                                               Other types of disabilities are: hearing disibilities, Vision Disibilities,

Cognitive or Learning Disabilites and Psychological Disorders.
             
         They are many social organizations around the United states and each organization is created for a different type of disability. Each group is in charge for each of the social movements through the united states. Also 54 million people through the united states suffer from a type of disability, its actually a really common situation and its all mostly shown in the "LAW ADA" these law is the most effecient and powerfull one based on taking care of the handicapped rights stating that they have to be offered the same oportunities as a person with no disabilities.

video :)

These video shows the idea of a true latino women. Shakira has served not only for Colombia but for many countries al over the world. Shes a social icon and an example to follow. In response to her ideas its true since the United States is based on the Constitution. And they are violating their constitutional and civil rights. The Americans complain about loosing job opportunities which they totally ignore because of their low pay. They think they are supremacy and they have to think both ways...WHAT IF THINGS IN THE UNITED STATES WENT BAD AND WE HAVE TO GO TO LATIN AMERICA?
... The social impact on the latino country will affect future relations since we all dont know what the tomorrow will hold. Us Puerto Ricans should encourage and support immigration we all are immigrants ! So are the americans their country was founded by immigrants and they feel superior we  all are immigrants! NO ONE IS ILEGAL! Its just injust to be able to stop and question anyone because of their skin color or features. The people in Arizona are totally going back to sort of the Hitlers ideas and thats should worry many Americans... The law in Arizona is sort of trying to use the same techniques the NAZI used with the jews. USA was supposed to be based on freedom and opportunities were are they know?